Kathy Kater, psychotherapist and author of Real Kids Come in All Sizes: Ten Essential Lessons to Build Your Child's Body Esteem
Kater responded to two BMJ articles addressing the question "Is the obesity epidemic exaggerated?" I'm including the text of her commentary here with her permission.
Debate about fatness increases health risks
Kathy J. Kater, Psychotherapist, Specialist in Promotion of Body Image, Eating, Fitness and Weight, Private Practice, St. Paul, MN, USA.
The debate over whether the health risks of obesity are exaggerated seriously detracts from the real question: what should we prescribe for our health in any case? Weight loss or management is constantly recommended, disregarding the fact that weight is not a behaviour, and as such it is not ours to "control." Weight results from a multitude of factors, some of which are in our power to choose -- how we eat, how active or sedentary we are -- but many of which are internally regulated, and thus are not. A host of studies have now eliminated the age old mystery about why some sedentary folks can eat like horses and remain lean while their neighbors consume moderately, train for triathlons, and stay fat. If we limit ourselves to healthy means, the best anyone can hope for is to influence weight, not control it.
Genetic predisposition aside, it turns out that the most common advice for reducing fatness has made things worse. Research published over fifty years ago demonstrated how and why even a moderately restrictive diet is counterproductive for long term weight loss. New studies bear this out: weight can be lost on virtually any contrived plan to restrict calories or food groups, but between 85% and 95% of this weight is predictably regained, with over half of all dieters gaining more weight than they lost. If you doubt this, check the National Institute of Health for the data, then check your own observations to consider how many people you know who have gone on a diet once. If dieting was effective why would it be a perennial activity, and why would most dieters be fatter today than before their first diet?
Aside from weight loss, what other unpleasant recommendation with a 90% failure rate would still be prescribed? Even so, too many health authorities persist in the belief that if we can make people feel bad or afraid enough about their weight they will "do something" about it. This flies in the face of new studies that document what many of us working in the trenches to reverse disordered eating have known for years: body dissatisfaction does not serve as a motivator for healthy behaviors. To the contrary, unhappiness about weight is a catalyst for disordered eating, weight gain, and poorer overall health. Worry about weight is a self-fulfilling prophecy. In light of this, how can we persevere like Sisyphus in unrelenting talk about the risks of fatness and the need for weight loss as if this will make people repent? In four decades the thinner we have tried to be the fatter we have become. But if fat phobia and efforts to lose weight contribute to the problem, what is the solution?
The way out of this spiraling and dangerous problem requires the courage to ask the right question: fat or thin, what should we be doing for our health in any case? Few will dispute the evidence showing that fatter people who are well fed and fit are at lower risk for health problems than thin people who eat poorly and are sedentary. In light of this, what if instead of fear and loathing of fatness, health initiatives pushed the value, ways and means for wholesome eating and fitness for everyone irrelevant of size? If instead of size or a BMI a sustainable, healthy lifestyle were the goal, then some people would remain fat, some would be thin, but virtually everyone would be healthier. Isn't this the point?
It is troubling that so few leaders in health care cannot see the forest for the trees: that shifting the focus to how we live rather than what we weight is an effective solution that empowers all people of every size and shape to be the best thye can be. Who can argue that a fit and well-fed populace of diverse sized people would not be preferable to the status quo. Campaigns to support the development of healthy, realistic body images, wholesome, stable eating, and lifetime fitness habits regardless of shape, size, or weight could eliminate much of our population's "weight problem."
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